INTRODUCTION
Due to unique topographical diversity of altitude, Nepal is one of the richest countries in the world with almost all kinds of climates. It is extended from 58m lowland Terai to the top of the world; the Mt. Everest 8850m. Over 100 known different tribal/ethnic groups with their wonderful classical culture are settled in the country from fertile land terai to the isolated remote glacial valleys in the Himalaya. This is the only one place in the world where you can have the entire global latitudinal experience within 2-3 weeks by trekking/tour.
Nepal lies in the core Himalayan region that has wonderful fertile plain lands in terai, beautiful intermountain valleys in the hills and majestic mountains, tranquil glacial lakes and isolated valleys in the Himalaya. Nepal is one of the most scenic parts in the world where are unique opportunities to travelers for trekking, mountaineering, rafting, jungle adventures and studying in geology, nature, classical culture, history and many more. There are so many interesting places and things to see in the Nepal Himalaya like sky soaring peaks, hanging icefalls, active glaciers and frequent avalanches, beautiful intermountain valleys, thundering rivers and rivulets, tranquil lakes, tropical forests, rare floras and faunas, medieval era artistic temples and shrines, traditional villages, classical tribal culture and unique life style of mountain people.
People of this region are the faith healers; they are more natural and believe in the supernatural forces. People have a strong majority in superstition than the science even in the educated society. Superstition, witchcraft and propitiation take place in each ethnic tributary group and society. Shaman seems to be the first doctor even in the educated family. According to the Hindu epics, there are more than 330 millions gods and goddesses in the universe. In Nepal, it is believed that there are more gods and goddesses than people, more temples than the houses and more feasts & festivals than the days in a year. The ancient fundamental architecture of Nepal is mainly influenced and decorated by the textual-ascetic Hindu culture and ethnic group's oral tradition. There is co-relation between Buddhism and Hinduism in Nepal and equal respect to all religions.
FACTS ABOUT NEPAL
Location: 26022' to 30027' north latitude and 80004' to 88012' east longitude
Time: Nepalese time is 5:45 hours faster than Greenwich meantime.
Area: 147,516sq. Km, 0.3% of Asia and 0.03% of world's total surface area. About 76% land of Nepal is covered by mountains, hills and Himalayas and rest 24% land by flat country Terai and inner Terai.
Capital city: Kathmandu
Geography: Sovereign independent country bounded on the north by Tibet, China and on the east west and south by India with about 900km east west length and 145 to 241km north south breadth and the altitude from 58m to 8850m.
Religion: Animism, Hinduism and Buddhism, Christian, Muslim etc
Political system: Practicing Federal Democratic Republic currently. …
Language: Nepali; the official language, over 100 tribal languages, English common language for travel trade people, other foreign languages are also used in tourism sector.
VALLEYS
Kathmandu (1310m): The biggest, highly populated, capital city and famous valley of Nepal that lies in central Nepal. The area of the valley is 643sq.km.
Pokhara (820m): The 2nd biggest, populated, lakeside city and heart alluring beautiful valley of Nepal that lies in west Nepal. The area of the valley is 466sq.km. It is the only one place in the world from where it can be seen the Himalayas very closely having a cold drink in the low land city.
BASINS
The Basin contains hot climate, rainy weather, most productive land, humid land, fertile and good soil etc. Sera Besi Lamjung, Chutra Besi Ardhakhanchi, Dhuni Besi Dhading, Khimti Besi Ramechhap are the popular Basins of Nepal.
GORGES/TARS
Kali Gandaki River gorge at Dana (1200m) Tatopani in Annapurna circuit trek is the deepest gorge in the world. It lies between Mt. Dhaulagiri (8167m) and Annapuran I (8091m). Tumlingtar in Arun valley (Samkhusabha) is the deepest Tar/valley (457m) in the world that is only 60km far from Mt. Makalu in aerial distance. Mt. Everest and Mt. Kanchanjungha are also close from the Tar.
BIO-DIVERSITY (FLORA & FAUNA)
Nepal lies at the crossroad of Pale-arctic and Oriental Ecological region where are 7500 species of vegetation and that has Outstanding genetic diversities harboring so far as follows:
NATIONAL PARKS, WILDLIFE RESERVE AND PROTECTED AREAS OF NEPAL
WETLANDS
FAMOUS RIVERS FOR WHITE WATER VOYAGES
SOME IMPORTANT PASSES BETWEEN NEPAL & TIBET
MAJOR LITHOGRAPHIC GROUP OF NEPAL
| Group | Age | Major units | Distribution |
| Siwalik group | Mid-Miocene to Pleistocene | Sand stone, mud-stone conglomerates | Siwaliks (east to west) |
| Coral group/Coral Thrust or MBT | Limestone, calcareous, shale | Siwaliks, eastern half of the middle mountain | |
| Nuwakot group | Precambrian to early Paleozoic | Arggillaceous with phyllites | Mountains |
| Katmandu group | Pre-Cambrian to Devonian | Schists, phyllites, marbles, quartzites, gneiss | Middle mountains |
| Himalayan gneiss group | Pre-Cambrian To Cambrian | Gneiss, marble, quartzite | High mountains, Himalayan region |
| Tethys or Tibetan group | Cambrian to Cretaceous | Dolomites, shale quartzite, sandstone | Himalayan region |
MOUNTAINS IN NEPAL ABOVE 8000M
Mountain Height
Mt. Everest 8850m
Mt. Kanchenjunga 8586m
Mt. Lhotse 8516m
Mt. Makalu 8463m
Mt. Cho Oyu 8201m
Mt. Dhaulagiri 8167m
Mt. Manaslu 8163m
Mt. Annapurna 8091m
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF NEPAL
PEOPLE OF NEPAL (4 major hierarchical caste, over 100 tribes and few nomads)
Currency: Nepalese Rupees (NPR/Rs)
Nepal Visa: Tourist visa is obtained upon arrival points: US$30 for 15 days, US$50 for 30 days & US$125 for 90 days.
Gratis Visa (Visa for Free): Children below 10 years, Chinese nationals, up to 30 days for SAARC nationals (Nepali inviting documents required for Afganistan national) and no visa required for Indian nationals.
Entry & Exit points for the foreigners who are required to obtain visas:
-Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu -Kakadvitta, Jhapa, eastern border
-Kodari, Sindupalchok, northern border -Birgunj, Parsa
-Belahiya, (Sunauli) Rupendehi -Jamunaha, Nepalgunj, Banke
-Mohana, Dhangadhi, Kailali -Gadda Chauki, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur
Restricted Areas of Nepal Himalayan regions adjoining to Tibet, requires special permits from the government through trekking companies. We obtain all required permits on behalf of our clients (permit fee in US dollar):
| S.N. | Area | Permit fee per person |
| 1-2 | Upper Dolpa & Upper Mustang | 1st 10 days $500 thereafter $50 per day |
| 3-4 |
Darchula: Byas Gaupalika Ward no 1 and Bajhang: Saipal Gaupalika Ward 1-5 (above Kanda) |
1st week $90 thereafter $15 per day |
| 5 | Humla: Simikot Gaupalika ward 1, 6 7, Namkha Gaupalika ward 1-6 and Changkheli ward 3-5 | 1st week $ 50 thereafter $ 10 perday |
| 6 | Mugu: Mugumakarmorang Gaupalika (all area of ward 1-9) | 1st week $100 thereafter $15 perday |
|
7-8 |
Manang: Narpa Gaupalika ward 1-5 Nasho Gaupalika ward 6-7 Gorkha Manaslu area: Chumnubri Gaupalika, ward 1-4 |
Sept-Nov: 1st week $100 thereafter $15perday Dec-Aug: 1st week $75 thereafter $10perday |
| 9 | Gorkha Tsum Valley area: Sirdibas-Lokpa-Chumling-Chekampar-Nile-Chule: Chumnubri ward 3, 6, 7 |
Sept-Nov: 1st week $40 thereafter $7 per day Dec-Aug: 1st week $30 thereafter $7 per day |
| 10 | Lowe Dolpa Area: Thuli Bheri ward 1-11, Tripurasundari 1-11, Dolpo Buddha 1-3, She Phoksundo 8-9, Jagdulla 1-6, Mudkechula 1-9 & Kaike 1-7 |
1st week US$20 thereafter US$5 per day
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| 11 | Dolakha: Gaurishankar ward 9 and Bigu ward 1 | US$20 per week |
| 12 | Rasuwa: Gosainkunda all area of ward 1 & few area of ward 2 | US$20 per week |
| 13 | Solukhumbu: Pasang Lhamu ward 5 | 1st 4 week US$20 thereafter US$25 per week |
| 14 | Sankhuwasabha: Bhotkhola ward 1-5 & Makalu ward 4 | 1st 4 week US$20 thereafter US$25 per week |
| 15 | Taplejung: Phantunglung ward 6-7, Mikwakhola 5 Sirijunga 8 | 1st 4 week US$20 thereafter US$25 per week |
| Note:- In the case of Upper Mustang and Upper Dolpa Region if the royalty paid for mountain expedition is less than the fee for trekking permit then the difference amount should be paid. | ||
Monthly rainfall & temperature of some tour places of Nepal
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